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Surrealism or Surrealist art

M.C. (Maurits Cornelis) Escher (Dutch, 1898-1972), Drawing Hands
















by Marc Chagall, Birthday (L'Anniversaire), & Paris Through the Window

What is a collage?

A collage is a technique of composing a work of art by pasting on a single surface various materials not normally associated with one another, as newspaper clippings, parts of photographs, theater tickets, and fragments of an envelope. The use of this technique first appeapredamong oil painting in the early 20th century.

Techniques of collage were first used at the time of the invention of paper in China around 200 BC. The use of collage, however, remained very limited until the 10th century in Japan, when calliographers began to apply glued paper, using texts on surfaces, when writing their poems.

The technique of collage then appeared in medieval Europe during the 13th century. Gold leaf panels started to be applied in Gothic cathedrals around the 15th and 16th centuries. Gemstones and other precious metals were applied to religious images and also, to coats of arms.

Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre by Pablo Picasso (1912)

Collage is thought to have began with Cubist painters Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso by modern artists. According to some sources, Picasso was the first to use the collage technique in oil paintings.

Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that was founded in 1924 by André Breton. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility.
The movement was begun for the first time in Europe, centered in Paris, and attracted many of the members of the Dada community.

The left painting is Crucifixion (Hypercubic Body) by Salvador Dali.

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zurich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature such as poetry, theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti- war politic. Dada activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals. Passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture filled their publications.

The left painting is Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife by Hannah Hoch (1889-1978). It is an example of an early dada painting.

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